δρόμος Ancient Greek · revision 15552

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *drem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /dró.mos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈðro.mos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈðro.mos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''δρόμος''' (drómos) ''m'' (genitive δρόμου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun with /o/ grade from the root of [[m|grc|δραμεῖν|tr=drameîn|t=to run]], the suppletive aorist of [[m|grc|τρέχω|tr=trékhō]], from Indo-European [[ine-pro|*drem-|t=to run]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(DGE) Cognate with [[sa|द्रमति|tr=drámati|t=runs]] and [[gem-pro|*tradō|t=track]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it mostly of horse races: “a course was stretched out for the horses” (''Iliad'' 23.375); it is used of men racing too.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was any running or quick movement: the charge of soldiers (Herodotus, Xenophon), flight, and a day's run as a measure of distance (Herodotus).^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) Euripides uses it for the course of the clouds, and the Platonic ''Axiochus'' for the courses of the sun and moon.^(LSJ 1940) It was running as a sport, a race, and the racecourse itself; in Crete it named the gymnasium.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Its derivative [[δρομάς|tr=dromás]] “running” was used for the camel;^(Beekes 2010) Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|dromas]], whence [[m|la|dromedārius]] “dromedary”, which returned to Greek papyri as δρομεδάριος.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Medieval Greek kept the word,^(Kriaras) and Modern Greek ''δρόμος'' continues it; some of its modern senses are learned, and others are semantic loans from English ''way'' and French ''chemin''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' uses it for a horse race.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar uses it for races.^(CGL 2021)^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for a day's run and a charge.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Euripides uses it for the course of the clouds.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''δρόμος'' continues the ancient word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|running|alt=Running]]; a charge.^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|race]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A course, quick movement; a day's run.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A racecourse;^(Wiktionary) ''(Crete)'' a [[m|en|gymnasium]].^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010)

+ # A course, path.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[δολιχοδρόμος|tr=dolikhodrómos]]

+ * [[ἔκδρομος|tr=ékdromos]]

+ * [[ἱππόδρομος|tr=hippódromos]]

+ * [[συνδρομή|tr=sundromḗ]]

+ * [[ἀνάδρομος|tr=anádromos]]

+ * [[ἁρματοδρομία|tr=harmatodromíā]]

+ * [[ἡλιοδρόμος|tr=hēliodrómos]]

+ * [[λαμπαδηδρομία|tr=lampadēdromíā]]

+ * [[παλίνδρομος|tr=palíndromos]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}