τόρνος Ancient Greek · revision 15549

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=6th century BC, Theognis|origins=ine-pro *terh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /tór.nos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈtor.nos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈtor.nos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''τόρνος''' (tórnos) ''m'' (genitive τόρνου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|ine-pro|*tórh₁nos]], from [[m|ine-pro|*terh₁-|t=to rub, bore, twist]].^(Wiktionary) Frisk describes it as a carpenters' word, an instrument noun in [[m|grc|-νος|tr=-nos]], belonging with [[m|grc|τέρετρον|tr=téretron|t=borer]] to the group of [[m|grc|τείρω|tr=teírō]], [[m|grc|τορεῖν|tr=toreîn|t=to bore]] and [[la|terō|t=to rub]].^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος) It is close in meaning to [[m|grc|κυκλοτερής|tr=kukloterḗs|t=round]] and [[m|la|teres|t=rounded, smooth]].^(Frisk 1960) [[m|grc|τόρμος|tr=tórmos|t=socket]] is a doublet of it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded use is in Theognis (6th century BC), for the peg and string used to trace a circle.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021) Herodotus and Euripides use it in the same sense.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Xenophon uses it figuratively for the centre of a circle, placing Athens like the peg at the centre of the world around it.^(CGL 2021) Aeschylus and Plato use it for a lathe, on which wood was turned.^(CGL 2021) Its derivatives include [[τορνεύω|tr=torneúō]] “to turn (on a lathe)” (Euripides, Aristophanes, Plato) and [[τορνόομαι|tr=tornóomai]] “to round off, mark out in a circle”, already in Homer.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|tornus]].^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''τόρνος'' continues the ancient word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The derivative τορνόομαι is used for marking out a circle.^(Beekes 2010)

+ * 6th century BC – Theognis uses it for the peg and string.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus and Euripides use it.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for a lathe;^(CGL 2021) Xenophon for the centre of a circle.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''τόρνος'' continues the word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A peg and string, a tool like a pair of [[m|en|compasses]] for tracing circles.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The centre of a circle.^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|lathe]]; a carving knife.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+ # A circle, something turned round.^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἔντορνος|tr=éntornos]]

+ * [[τορνόομαι|tr=tornóomai]]

+ * [[τορνεύω|tr=torneúō]]

+ * [[τορνίσκος|tr=tornískos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|tornus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}