μανθάνω Ancient Greek · revision 15544

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *mn̥s-dʰh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /man.tʰá.nɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /manˈθa.no/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /manˈθa.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''μᾰνθᾰ́νω''' (manthánō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*mantʰánō]], a nasal present to [[m|ine-pro|*men(s)dʰh₁-]], perhaps an extension of [[m|ine-pro|*men-|t=to think]], thus “to put one's mind (to something)”.^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010) All the Greek forms are built on the zero-grade aorist [[m|grc|μαθεῖν|tr=matheîn]]; a full grade may survive in [[m|grc|μενθήρη|tr=menthḗrē|t=care]] (Hesychius) or in [[m|grc|προμηθής|tr=promēthḗs|t=forethoughtful]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ The full grade [[m|grc|μενθ-|tr=menth-]] matches [[goh|mendī|t=gladness]], beside a zero grade in [[got|𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽|tr=mundōn|t=to look at]] and [[non|munda|t=to aim]]; [[lt|mañdras|t=lively]] and [[cu|мѫдръ|tr=mǫdrŭ|t=wise]] belong here too.^(Beekes 2010) A pre-form *mn̥s-dʰeh₁- is assumed for [[sa|मेधा|tr=medhā́|t=wisdom]] and [[ae|mazdā|tr=mazdā|t=remembrance]].^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer has only the aorist, as in the ''Iliad'' (6.444) and the ''Odyssey'' (17.226); the present μανθάνω first appears in Pindar.^(GLAUx)^(Beekes 2010)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Greek it is to learn, get to know, discover or find out, by inquiry, observation, experience or example (Pindar, Herodotus, tragedy).^(CGL 2021) The aorist also meant to understand, and the verb could mean to inquire, to be accustomed, and to notice.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Its nouns include [[μάθος|tr=máthos]] “what has been learnt” (Alcaeus, Aeschylus), [[μάθημα|tr=máthēma]] “knowledge”, whose plural meant the mathematical sciences, with [[μαθηματικός|tr=mathēmatikós]] (Plato, Aristotle), and [[μαθητής|tr=mathētḗs]] “pupil, disciple”.^(Beekes 2010) Medieval Greek has the form ''μαθαίνω'', which is the modern verb.^(Kriaras)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' use the aorist.^(GLAUx)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar uses the present.^(Beekes 2010)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 6th century BC – Theognis uses the future μαθήσομαι.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses μαθηματικός.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * Medieval – Vernacular Greek has μαθαίνω.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|learn]], get to know, find out.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(aorist)'' To know, [[m|en|understand]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # To inquire, ask.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be accustomed to.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To notice, perceive.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀναμανθάνω|tr=anamanthánō]]

+ * [[ἀντιμανθάνω|tr=antimanthánō]]

+ * [[ἀπομανθάνω|tr=apomanthánō]]

+ * [[διαμανθάνω|tr=diamanthánō]]

+ * [[ἐκμανθάνω|tr=ekmanthánō]]

+ * [[ἐπιμανθάνω|tr=epimanthánō]]

+ * [[καταμανθάνω|tr=katamanthánō]]

+ * [[μεταμανθάνω|tr=metamanthánō]]

+ * [[προμανθάνω|tr=promanthánō]]

+ * [[προσμανθάνω|tr=prosmanthánō]]

+ * [[συμμανθάνω|tr=summanthánō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀμαθής|tr=amathḗs]]

+ * [[ἀμαθία|tr=amathíā]]

+ * [[Ἐπιμηθεύς|tr=Epimētheús]]

+ * [[ἐπιμηθής|tr=epimēthḗs]]

+ * [[μάθη|tr=máthē]]

+ * [[μάθημα|tr=máthēma]]

+ * [[μαθηματικός|tr=mathēmatikós]]

+ * [[μαθηματικῶς|tr=mathēmatikôs]]

+ * [[μάθησις|tr=máthēsis]]

+ * [[μαθητέος|tr=mathētéos]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}