κάνναβις Ancient Greek · revision 15539

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=5th century BC, Herodotus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /kán.na.bis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈkan.na.βis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈkan.na.vis/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κάννᾰβῐς''' (kánnabis) ''f'' (genitive καννάβεως or καννάβῐος); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a loanword of unknown eastern origin, perhaps Scythian or Thracian, as Herodotus' account of the plant suggests.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Beekes and Frisk compare [[sux|kunibu|t=hemp]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Wiktionary calls it a wandering cultural word; an old proposal that derives it from Proto-Finno-Ugric is rejected by Finno-Ugric specialists.^(Wiktionary) Rosół lists it among Oriental loanwords of unknown origin, for which a Semitic source is doubtful.^(Rosół 2013) Scarborough's database notes that the plant is native to Central Asia, and asks whether it is a wandering word or an early loan into late Indo-European.^(PHILOGLOSSA)

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+ The word reached Germanic, as [[ang|hænep|t=hemp]] and [[goh|hanaf|t=hemp]], before Grimm's law.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Herodotus (4.74) describes hemp in Scythia, used for clothing, and the Scythians' vapour bath in which its seeds were burned.^(CGL 2021)^(PHILOGLOSSA)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Sophocles also has the word.^(Beekes 2010)^(PHILOGLOSSA) Hesychius glosses it as a Scythian incense so strong that it makes everyone present sweat, and as a plant like flax from which Thracian women make garments.^(Rosół 2013) Dioscorides and Galen also mention it.^(Beekes 2010)^(GLAUx) Its derivatives include [[κανναβίς|tr=kannabís]] “hemp garment”.^(Beekes 2010)

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+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|cannabis]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Saalfeld 1874) The modern form is ''κάναβη''.^(Πάπυρος)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus describes its use among the Scythians.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Sophocles uses the word.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – Dioscorides mentions it.^(Beekes 2010)^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century AD – Galen mentions it.^(Beekes 2010)^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|hemp|alt=Hemp]], ''Cannabis sativa'', as a fibre and for its seeds.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[καννάβινος|tr=kannábinos]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[κανναβάριος|tr=kannabários]]

+ * [[la|cannabis]]

+ * [[en|hemp]]

+ * [[en|cannabis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}