κλίνω Ancient Greek · revision 15527

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *ḱley-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /klǐː.nɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈkli.no/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈkli.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κλῑ́νω''' (klī́nō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*klíňňō]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱl̥-né-y-ti|t=to lean]], a nasal present of [[m|ine-pro|*ḱley-|t=to lean on]].^(Wiktionary)^(LIV 2001) The /y/-present is a Greek innovation that replaced an older athematic nasal present, which other languages continue in various shapes;^(Frisk 1960) Lesbian has [[m|grc|κλίννω|tr=klínnō]].^(Frisk 1960)^(LIV 2001)

+

+ Cognate with [[la|clīnō|t=to bend]], [[goh|hlinēn|t=to lean]] (whence [[de|lehnen]]), [[osx|hlinōn|t=to lean]] and [[lt|šlinù|t=I lean]];^(Frisk 1960)^(LIV 2001) the thematic present of [[sa|श्रयति|tr=śráyati|t=causes to lean, supports]] matches Old Lithuanian [[m|lt|šlejù]].^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Homer it means to make something lean or slope: Zeus tilts the scales of battle, chariots are leaned against the wall (''Iliad'' 8.435), and warriors rest shields on their shoulders.^(LSJ 1940) In the passive it is to lean or to lie down, as in “leaning on their shields” (''Iliad'' 3.135).^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Homer also uses it for turning back the eyes and for turning the enemy to flight, and the passive of a battle that turns.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Herodotus has it for making guests recline at dinner, and in tragedy it is to lay someone on a bed.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Later writers used it of the setting sun and the end of the day (Polybius, the New Testament),^(CGL 2021) and grammarians such as Apollonius Dyscolus for inflecting words.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ The New Testament uses it of Jesus bowing his head as he died (John 19:30) and of laying down one's head to rest.^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021) Medieval Greek used it for turning, bending and lowering.^(Kriaras) Modern Greek ''κλίνω'' means to slope, to bend, and in grammar to inflect, the last a Hellenistic sense.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' uses it for leaning, tilting and lying down.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for making guests recline.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century BC – Polybius uses it for a day coming to an end.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – John uses it of Jesus bowing his head.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 2nd century AD – Apollonius Dyscolus uses it for inflecting words.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''κλίνω'' means to slope and to inflect.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make lean, [[m|en|tilt]], slope.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To [[m|en|lean]] (something against something), rest.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To turn aside; to turn (the enemy) to flight.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To lay down, make [[m|en|recline]];^(LSJ 1940) ''(passive)'' to lie down, recline.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To bow (the head); ''(intransitive)'' of the sun or day, to sink, decline.^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # ''(grammar)'' To [[m|en|inflect]].^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(passive)'' To lean, be propped; of places, to slope down to the sea.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀγκλίνω|tr=anklínō]]

+ * [[ἀντικλίνω|tr=antiklínō]]

+ * [[ὑπεγκλίνω|tr=hupenklínō]]

+ * [[ἐγκλίνω|tr=enklínō]]

+ * [[κατακλίνω|tr=kataklī́nō]]

+ * [[ποτικλίνω|tr=potiklínō]]

+ * [[προκλίνω|tr=proklínō]]

+ * [[συγκλίνω|tr=sunklínō]]

+ * [[ὑποκλίνω|tr=hupoklínō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[κλειτύς|tr=kleitús]]

+ * [[κλίμα|tr=klíma]]

+ * [[κλῖμαξ|tr=klîmax]]

+ * [[κλίνη|tr=klī́nē]]

+ * [[κλιντήρ|tr=klintḗr]]

+ * [[κλισία|tr=klisíā]]

+ * [[κλισίη|tr=klisíē]]

+ * [[κλίσις|tr=klísis]]

+ * [[κλισμός|tr=klismós]]

+ * [[la|clīnō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}