ὄνομα Ancient Greek · revision 15525

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *h₁nómn̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ó.no.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈo.no.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈo.no.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ὄνομᾰ''' (ónoma) ''n'' (genitive ὀνόμᾰτος); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*ónomə]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁nómn̥|t=name]].^(Wiktionary) The details of the reconstruction are disputed; the Doric forms bear on whether its initial laryngeal was [[m|ine-pro|*h₁]] or [[m|ine-pro|*h₃]].^(IE-CoR) It matches [[xcl|անուն|tr=anun|t=name]] directly.^(Frisk 1960) Aeolic and Doric have [[m|grc|ὄνυμα|tr=ónuma]], and Laconian personal names such as [[m|grc|Ἐνυμακρατίδας|tr=Enumakratídas]] may show a form with /e/, as in Albanian and Old Prussian.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Epic [[m|grc|οὔνομα|tr=oúnoma]] is a metrical lengthening.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Cognate with [[la|nōmen|t=name]], [[sa|नामन्|tr=nā́man|t=name]], [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉|tr=namo|t=name]], [[cu|имѧ|tr=imę|t=name]] and [[sga|ainm|t=name]], which differ in their vowel grades.^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it for a person's name (''Iliad'' 3.235) and once for the fame of a place: “the name of Ithaca has reached even to Troy” (''Odyssey'' 13.248).^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940) In ''Odyssey'' 9.366 the name given is “Nobody”.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Classical Greek used it for every kind of name, of peoples and places as well as persons, and for reputation and renown (Theognis, Sophocles).^(CGL 2021) Herodotus sets the mere name against the reality, and philosophers and orators used it for a word or a technical term.^(CGL 2021) In grammar Plato and Aristotle used it for the noun, as opposed to [[ῥῆμα|tr=rhêma]] “verb”.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ The New Testament uses it for proper names, as in “what is your name?” (Mark 5:9).^(BDAG 2000) Medieval Greek had ''όνομα'' and ''όνομαν'', used also of the name of God or Christ.^(Kriaras) Modern Greek ''όνομα'' is a name, a noun, and fame.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' use it for a name and for fame.^(Cunliffe 1924)

+ * 6th century BC – Theognis uses it for a famous name.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus contrasts the name with the reality.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for a noun as opposed to a verb.^(Frisk 1960)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for proper names.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * Modern Greek – ''όνομα'' means a name and a noun.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|name]], of a person, god, people or place.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Name, [[m|en|reputation]], fame.^(CGL 2021)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+ # A word or title; a [[m|en|term]], technical term.^(CGL 2021)

+ # A mere name, as opposed to the reality; a pretext.^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(grammar)'' A [[m|en|noun]], as opposed to a verb.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀνώνυμος|tr=anṓnumos]]

+ * [[ἐπώνυμος|tr=epṓnumos]]

+ * [[ὁμώνυμος|tr=homṓnumos]]

+ * [[συνώνυμος|tr=sunṓnumos]]

+ * [[ὀνομάζω|tr=onomázō]]

+ * [[ὀνομαίνω|tr=onomaínō]]

+ * [[μετωνυμία|tr=metōnumíā]]

+ * [[ὀνοματοποιία|tr=onomatopoiíā]]

+ * [[συνώνυμον|tr=sunṓnumon]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|nōmen]]

+ * [[en|name]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}