τῦφος Ancient Greek · revision 15523

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=5th century BC, Hippocrates|origins=grc τύφω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /tŷː.pʰos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈty.ɸos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈty.fos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''τῦφος''' (tûphos) ''m'' (genitive τύφου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from the verb [[m|grc|τύφω|tr=tū́phō|t=to smoke]], with the suffix -ος.^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000) Its senses run from smoke and vapour to delusion and vanity,^(Wiktionary) and Plutarch likens conceit to the smoke of philosophy.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded use is medical: the Hippocratic ''Internal Affections'' (5th century BC) names four kinds of fever τῦφος, one of them accompanied by stupor.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It became the Cynics' word for delusion and humbug: Monimus the Cynic said that “everything is τῦφος”, and Menander quotes him.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Sextus Empiricus defines it as taking what is not for what is.^(LSJ 1940) Polybius and Plutarch use it for false pride and conceit, and Marcus Aurelius calls the things of the soul a dream and τῦφος.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) In early Christian writing it is arrogance.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ New Latin borrowed the medical word as [[m|la-new|typhus]], the name of the disease;^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''τύφος'', a learned form, is the disease typhus.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – A Hippocratic treatise uses it for a kind of fever.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Menander quotes the Cynic saying that “everything is τῦφος”.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century BC – Polybius uses it for conceit.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century AD – Marcus Aurelius uses it for illusion.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''τύφος'' is the disease typhus.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(medicine)'' A kind of [[m|en|fever]] with [[m|en|stupor]]; delirium.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # [[m|en|delusion|alt=Delusion]], illusion, humbug.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # False pride, [[m|en|conceit]], vanity.^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # Smoke, vapour.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|typhus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}