ἰδέα Ancient Greek · revision 15522

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th century BC, Theognis|origins=grc ἰδεῖν}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /i.dé.aː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /iˈðe.a/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /iˈðe.a/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ῐ̓δέᾱ''' (idéā) ''f'' (genitive ῐ̓δέᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a verbal abstract from [[m|grc|ἰδεῖν|tr=ideîn|t=to see]], formed like [[m|grc|ἀλέα|tr=aléā|t=warmth of the sun]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) It goes back to the Indo-European root [[ine-pro|*weyd-|t=to see]] and is closely related to [[m|grc|εἶδος|tr=eîdos]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded uses are in the 6th century BC: Theognis has the plural for outward appearances that deceive the mind, and Pindar uses it for a person's beauty of form.^(GLAUx)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Herodotus used it for appearance and for kind or sort, and Thucydides for the nature of an epidemic or a war and for a way of attacking a city.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Isocrates and Aristotle used it for literary form, and Democritus is reported to have called his atoms “indivisible forms”.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) In Plato it is the idea of something, and above all the Forms, the ideal patterns opposed to particular things, and Aristotle discusses them under this name.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ In the New Testament it is outward appearance: the angel's “appearance was like lightning” (Matthew 28:3).^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|idea]], and through Latin it reached Russian and other languages.^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''ιδέα'' kept the ancient senses as a learned word; its sense “idea, notion” is a semantic loan from French ''idée'' and German ''Idee''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th century BC – Theognis and Pindar use it for appearance.^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for kind or sort;^(LSJ 1940) Thucydides for the nature of a plague.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for the Forms.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle uses it for literary form.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – Matthew uses it for an angel's appearance.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|appearance|alt=Appearance]], form, especially of a beautiful body.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Mere appearance, [[m|en|semblance]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Shape, configuration.^(CGL 2021)

+ # Nature, kind, sort; a way of doing something.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Literary form, arrangement.^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' The idea of a thing; a Platonic [[m|en|Form]].^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|idea]]

+ * [[en|idea]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}