manipulation English · revision 15498

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1727–41}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/ ''(UK)''; /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|manipulation]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|fr|manipule|t=apothecary's handful]],^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline) from [[la|manipulus|t=handful, sheaf]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[m|la|manus|t=hand]] and the root of [[m|la|pleō|t=to fill]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A method of digging silver ore: 1727–41 in the OED, by 1730 in Etymonline, a sense now obsolete.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In chemistry, the handling of apparatus in experiments is from 1796,^(OED 1989)^(Hoad 1986) and the skilful handling of objects in general by 1826.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) It was extended in 1828 to the managing of persons, especially to one's own advantage,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) the main modern sense.^(AHD) Manipulate is a 19th-century back-formation.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1727–41 – digging ore (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1796 – handling apparatus.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1826 – skilful handling.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1828 – managing people unfairly.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Clever or dishonest control of people or situations, especially for one's own advantage.^(AHD)

+ # The act of handling or operating something skilfully.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[automanipulation]]

+ * [[micromanipulation]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manipulate]]

+ * [[maniple]]

+ * [[manual]]

+ * [[manuscript]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}