δίσκος Ancient Greek · revision 15491

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=grc δικεῖν}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /dís.kos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈðis.kos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈðis.kos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''δίσκος''' (dískos) ''m'' (genitive δίσκου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The traditional explanation derives it from [[m|grc|δικεῖν|tr=dikeîn|t=to throw]] with a suffix [[m|grc|-σκος|tr=-skos]], from [[m|grc|*δίκσκος|tr=*díkskos]].^(Frisk 1960)^(DGE)^(LSJ 1940) Frisk noted that the suffix is rare in nouns and supposed a lost present in [[m|grc|-σκω|tr=-skō]];^(Frisk 1960) the Πάπυρος dictionary likewise posits a present [[m|grc|*δίσκω|tr=*dískō]], like [[m|grc|βόσκω|tr=bóskō]].^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ Beekes, following Furnée, finds the traditional derivation hardly possible for that reason and starts instead from a stem [[m|grc|δισκ-|tr=disk-]], a variant of [[m|grc|δικεῖν|tr=dikeîn]];^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) he takes the root to be Pre-Greek, [[der|qfa-sub-grc|-]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) A proposed Semitic origin, from [[akk|diškû|t=a kind of table]], is rejected by Rosół.^(Rosół 2013)

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+ Pindar already seems to connect the discus with [[m|grc|δικεῖν|tr=dikeîn]], using the rare verb for throwing a stone.^(Etygram)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it for the discus thrown in games: in the ''Iliad'' men amuse themselves with discuses (2.774), and the length of a discus throw is a measure of distance (23.431).^(DGE)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Pindar mentions stone discuses, and a fragment of Hesiod has Phoebus killing someone with “the pitiless discus”.^(DGE)^(LSJ 1940) Later it named anything disc-shaped: a dish or salver (papyri and the ''Greek Anthology''), a round mirror, the disk of the sun (Alexander of Aphrodisias), a gong (Sextus Empiricus, Plutarch), a reliquary (Procopius), and the marigold.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

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+ Medieval Greek kept the word.^(Kriaras) In Modern Greek ''δίσκος'' is any disc, the discus of athletics, a tray, a gramophone record and a computer disk; most of these are learned senses taken from French ''disque'' (itself from Latin [[m|la|discus]], from δίσκος) and English ''disk''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' use it for the discus.^(DGE)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar mentions stone discuses.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd–3rd century AD – Papyri use it for a salver.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 3rd century AD – Alexander of Aphrodisias uses it for the sun's disk.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 6th century AD – Procopius uses it for a reliquary.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''δίσκος'' is a disc, a tray and a record.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|discus]], quoit.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A dish, [[m|en|trencher]], salver.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A round [[m|en|mirror]].^(LSJ 1940)

+ # The disk of the sun.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A [[m|en|gong]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(Byzantine)'' A [[m|en|reliquary]].^(LSJ 1940)

+ # The marigold, ''Calendula arvensis''.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[δισκέω|tr=diskéō]]

+ * [[δίσκημα|tr=dískēma]]

+ * [[δίσκουρα|tr=dískoura]]

+ * [[δισκοφόρος|tr=diskophóros]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|discus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}