ἱστορία Ancient Greek · revision 15488

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th–5th century BC, Heraclitus|origins=ine-pro *weyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /his.to.rí.aː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /is.toˈri.a/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /is.toˈri.a/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ''' (historíā) ''f'' (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formally derived from [[m|grc|ἵστωρ|tr=hístōr|t=one who knows, expert; witness]], but was associated in use with the verb [[m|grc|ἱστορέω|tr=historéō|t=to inquire, find out]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) Ἵστωρ is from [[m|ine-pro|*wid-tōr]], an agent noun of [[m|grc|οἶδα|tr=oîda|t=I know]], from [[ine-pro|*weyd-|t=to see, know]];^(Beekes 2010) Boeotian has [[m|grc|ϝίστωρ|tr=wístōr]], and the rough breathing is probably not original.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ The words [[m|grc|ἱστορέω|tr=historéō]] and [[m|grc|ἱστορίη|tr=historíē]] arose in Ionic and spread over the Greek world together with Ionian science and philosophy.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded uses are in Heraclitus and in the opening sentence of Herodotus, for inquiry.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Herodotus, Euripides and Plato it is inquiry and investigation.^(CGL 2021) Isocrates, Plato and the orators used it for the knowledge that inquiry gives.^(CGL 2021) Aristotle, Polybius and Plutarch used it for a written account of inquiries, a historical narrative, history, and Callimachus for a story.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|historia]].^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) Medieval Greek kept the word,^(Kriaras) and Modern Greek ''ιστορία'' is history; its sense “story, affair” is a semantic loan from French ''histoire''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Heraclitus uses it.^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for inquiry, in his opening sentence.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Isocrates and Plato use it for knowledge.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle uses it for a historical account.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 3rd century BC – Callimachus uses it for a story.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''ιστορία'' means history and story.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|inquiry|alt=Inquiry]], investigation, systematic observation.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Knowledge obtained by inquiry, information.^(CGL 2021)

+ # A written account of inquiries, a narrative, [[m|en|history]].^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|story]].^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἱστορικός|tr=historikós]]

+ * [[ἱστοριογράφος|tr=historiográphos]]

+ * [[ἱστοριαγράφος|tr=historiagráphos]]

+ * [[ἱστορικόν|tr=historikón]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|historia]]

+ * [[en|history]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}