τροπή Ancient Greek · revision 15474

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Homer, Odyssey|origins=grc τρέπω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /tro.pɛ̌ː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /troˈpi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /troˈpi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''τροπή''' (tropḗ) ''f'' (genitive τροπῆς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|grc|τρέπω|tr=trépō|t=to turn]] with the suffix [[m|grc|-η|tr=-ē]], with the /o/ grade of the root seen also in [[m|grc|τρόπος|tr=trópos]].^(Wiktionary)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its only Homeric use, in the ''Odyssey'' (15.404), is for the “turnings of the sun”, apparently the point on the horizon where the sun rises or sets at the solstice.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021) Hesiod's ''Works and Days'' uses it for the winter solstice.^(CGL 2021)^(GLAUx)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the plural it remained the word for the solstices;^(CGL 2021) Herodotus, Thucydides and Plato distinguish the summer and winter turnings.^(CGL 2021) Plato and Aristotle use it for a change or alteration in the heavens and in nature, and Aeschines and Plutarch for a change of opinion or behaviour.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ In war it was the putting to flight of an enemy, a rout.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary) Its derivatives include [[τροπαῖος|tr=tropaîos]] and [[τροπικός|tr=tropikós]].^(Wiktionary) It also meant a figure of speech, a trope.^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''τροπή'' is a learned word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Odyssey'' uses it for the turnings of the sun.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)

+ * Before the 6th century BC – Hesiod uses it for the winter solstice.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus distinguishes the summer and winter solstices.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Thucydides uses it.^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle uses it for change in nature.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A turning.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' The turnings of the sun, the [[m|en|solstice]].^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|change]], alteration, reversal.^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(military)'' The putting to flight of an enemy, a [[m|en|rout]].^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' A [[m|en|trope]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[τροπαῖος|tr=tropaîos]]

+ * [[τρόπαλις|tr=tropālís]]

+ * [[τροπικός|tr=tropikós]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[τρόπος|tr=trópos]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}