exile English · revision 15456

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1300|origins=la exul}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/, /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[inh|enm|exil]], [[bor|fro|exil|t=banishment]] (earlier [[m|fro|essil]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la|exilium|t=banishment, place of exile]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from [[m|la|exul|t=a banished person]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from [[m|la|ex|t=away]] and a second element of disputed origin, perhaps related to [[m|la|ambulō|t=to walk]] (see [[amble]])^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) or, according to Watkins, to a root meaning to wander;^(Etymonline) de Vaan considers several explanations possible.^(Etymonline) The verb is from [[m|fro|exilier]], from [[la-lat|exiliō]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Enforced removal from one's native land: probably before 1300, in ''Arthour and Merlin'', in Barnhart, before 1300 in the OED, about 1300 in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A banished person is from about 1300 (about 1330 in the OED), from Latin ''exsul''.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The verb, to banish, is from before 1325.^(Barnhart 1988) Prolonged absence from one's country, even if voluntary, is from 1393.^(OED 1989) An obsolete sense, the waste or ruin of property, is from 1267.^(OED 1989) The Old English gloss for the Latin noun was [[m|ang|ūtlanda]].^(Etymonline) The Exile is another name for the Babylonian captivity of the Jews.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1267 – waste of property (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1300 – banishment.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1325 – to exile (verb).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1330 – a banished person.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1393 – voluntary expatriation.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Enforced or voluntary absence from one's home country; [[banishment]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A person who lives away from their country, especially by force; an [[expatriate]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To expel from one's home or country; to [[banish]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exilic]]

+ * [[exilable]]

+ * [[exiler]]

+ * [[exilarch]]

+ * [[government-in-exile]]

+ * [[self-exile]]

+ * [[unexiled]]

+ * [[tax exile]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[amble]]

+ * [[banish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}