cardiac English · revision 15448

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1601|origins=ine-pro *ḱérd}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈkɑːdɪæk/ ''(UK)''; /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|cardiacus]], perhaps influenced by [[fr|cardiaque]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[grc|καρδιακός|tr=kardiakós|t=of the heart]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from [[m|grc|καρδία|tr=kardía|t=heart; upper opening of the stomach]] (see [[heart]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from [[ine-pro|*ḱérd|t=heart]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Of the heart: 1601, in Holland's translation of Pliny, in Barnhart, the OED and Merriam-Webster.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024) The noun was known in Middle English, about 1440, for a vein associated with the heart, and for heart disease;^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(NODE 1998) these senses dropped out of use by the 16th century.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of medicines supposed to invigorate the heart it is from 1661,^(OED 1989) and a cordial is called a cardiac from 1746.^(OED 1989) Greek ''kardia'' could also mean the stomach, and in anatomy the cardia is still the opening of the stomach next to the oesophagus, from 1843;^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) compare English [[heartburn]].^(Etymonline) Cardiac arrest is attested from 1950,^(Etymonline) and a person with a heart disorder is a cardiac from about 1929.^(MWU 2024)^(AHD)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1440 – cardiac, a heart vein (noun).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1601 – of the heart.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1746 – a cordial.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1843 – of the stomach's upper opening.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1950 – cardiac arrest.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to the [[heart]]: ''cardiac surgery''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Relating to the part of the stomach next to the [[oesophagus]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A person with a heart disorder.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intracardiac]]

+ * [[postcardiac]]

+ * [[precardiac]]

+ * [[cardiac arrest]]

+ * [[cardiac muscle]]

+ * [[cardiac tamponade]]

+ * [[cardiac output]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cardiology]]

+ * [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]]

+ * [[cordial]]

+ * [[courage]]

+ * [[endocardium]]

+ * [[myocardium]]

+ * [[pericardium]]

+ * [[heart]]

+ * [[cardio-]]

+ * [[core]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}