τύπος Ancient Greek · revision 15438

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th century BC, Theognis|origins=grc τύπτω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /tý.pos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈty.pos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈty.pos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''τῠ́πος''' (túpos) ''m'' (genitive τῠ́που); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[m|grc|τύπτω|tr=túptō|t=to strike, beat]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(Πάπυρος) The verb is built on the Indo-European root [[ine-pro|*(s)tewp-|t=to push, beat]], as in [[la|stupeō|t=to be stunned]] and [[sq|shtyp|t=to crush]].^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded uses are in Theognis (6th century BC) and Aeschylus.^(GLAUx)^(DGE) An oracle in Herodotus uses it for the blow of a smith's hammer.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the blow it came to mean the mark the blow leaves: the impression of a seal ring, a footprint, the marks of the nails in John's Gospel, and figuratively the imprint of learning on the soul in Plato.^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000) Then it was the shape made by moulding or carving: a figure, a relief, a statue, an idol.^(CGL 2021)^(Spicq 1994) It also meant a shape or outline, the general character of a thing, a type, and a pattern, example or model.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)^(Spicq 1994)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|typus]].^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''τύπος'' “type” is a learned word, partly a semantic loan from French ''type'';^(Triantafyllidis 1998) ''τύπος'' “the press” is a semantic loan from French ''presse''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th century BC – Theognis uses it.^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus quotes an oracle that uses it for a hammer blow, and uses it for carved figures.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for an impression on the soul.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – John's Gospel uses it for the marks of the nails.^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021)

+ * Modern Greek – ''τύπος'' means a type and the press.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|blow]].^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The mark of a blow or of pressure; an impression, [[m|en|imprint]].^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # A figure made by moulding or carving; a [[m|en|relief]], statue; an [[m|en|idol]].^(CGL 2021)^(Spicq 1994)

+ # A shape, outline.^(CGL 2021)

+ # The general character of a thing, a [[m|en|type]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # A pattern, model, example.^(Wiktionary)^(Spicq 1994)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[τύπανον|tr=túpanon]]

+ * [[τυπόω|tr=tupóō]]

+ * [[τύπωμα|tr=túpōma]]

+ * [[τυπικός|tr=tupikós]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|typus]]

+ * [[en|type]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}