οἶκος Ancient Greek · revision 15426

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *weyḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ôi̯.kos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈy.kos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈy.kos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''οἶκος''' (oîkos) ''m'' (genitive οἴκου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*wóikos]], [[inh|ine-pro|*wóyḱos|t=settlement]], from [[m|ine-pro|*weyḱ-|t=to settle]].^(Wiktionary) Dialects that kept /w/ write it [[m|grc|ϝοῖκος|tr=woîkos]], and Mycenaean has [[gmy|wo-i-ko-de]], read /woikon-de/ “homeward”.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It is an old word for a dwelling, identical with [[la|vīcus|t=group of houses, village]] and [[sa|वेश|tr=veśá|t=house]].^(Frisk 1960) The zero grade appears in [[m|sa|विश्|tr=víś|t=settlement, clan]] and [[cu|вьсь|tr=vĭsĭ|t=village]], while the noun [[got|𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃|tr=weihs|t=village]] is formed differently from the same root.^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The grammarian Herodian derived it from [[m|grc|εἴκω|tr=eíkō|t=to withdraw]], the house being where one withdraws.^(Etygram)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it from the first book of the ''Iliad'' (“in our house”, 1.30) for any dwelling, including Achilles' hut at Troy and the Cyclops' cave.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940) It also means a part of the house, such as Penelope's quarters, and the household's goods: “my house is ruined” (''Odyssey'' 2.64).^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Greek it means the household and the family, and a dynasty from one generation to the next.^(CGL 2021) In Attic law it is the estate, an inheritance that someone could take possession of.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) It also named a room, a dining hall, public buildings such as the meeting house of a clan, and temples.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Astrologers of the Roman period called the sign in which a planet rules its “house”.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ The Septuagint uses it for houses, palaces and the Temple of Jerusalem, and for families and nations, rendering Hebrew phrases with “house of”;^(Lust 2003) in the New Testament the Temple is “the house of God”.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ Medieval Greek kept it for a house, a palace and a church.^(Kriaras) In Modern Greek ''οίκος'' is a learned word for a residence, also used for a dynasty (the house of Habsburg), a business (a fashion house), and in names such as the White House.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' uses it for a house, and the ''Odyssey'' also for a household's goods.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for a temple.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Andocides and the Attic orators use it for an estate or inheritance.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 3rd–2nd century BC – The Septuagint uses it for the Temple and for families and nations.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st–2nd century AD – Astrologers use it for the house of a planet.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * Modern Greek – ''οίκος'' is a learned word for a house, a dynasty or a firm.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|house]], [[m|en|home]], any dwelling.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|room]], [[m|en|chamber]]; a hall; a building used for a purpose.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|household]]; a family or [[m|en|dynasty]].^(CGL 2021)

+ # Household goods, substance;^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) ''(Attic law)'' an [[m|en|estate]], inheritance.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|temple]], the house of a god.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(astrology)'' The domicile of a planet.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A birdcage; a beehive.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[κάτοικος|tr=kátoikos]]

+ * [[οἰκογενής|tr=oikogenḗs]]

+ * [[οἰκοδεσπότης|tr=oikodespótēs]]

+ * [[οἰκοδομέω|tr=oikodoméō]]

+ * [[οἰκοδομία|tr=oikodomíā]]

+ * [[οἰκόθετος|tr=oikóthetos]]

+ * [[οἰκονομέω|tr=oikonoméō]]

+ * [[οἰκονόμος|tr=oikonómos]]

+ * [[οἰκοποιός|tr=oikopoiós]]

+ * [[οἰκουρός|tr=oikourós]]

+ * [[οἰκοφύλαξ|tr=oikophúlax]]

+ * [[πάροικος|tr=pároikos]]

+ * [[μύλοικος|tr=múloikos]]

+ * [[οἰκοδίαιτος|tr=oikodíaitos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[οἴκαδε|tr=oíkade]]

+ * [[οἴκει|tr=oíkei]]

+ * [[οἰκεῖος|tr=oikeîos]]

+ * [[οἰκέτης|tr=oikétēs]]

+ * [[οἰκεύς|tr=oikeús]]

+ * [[οἰκέω|tr=oikéō]]

+ * [[οἰκία|tr=oikíā]]

+ * [[οἰκίδιος|tr=oikídios]]

+ * [[οἰκίζω|tr=oikízō]]

+ * [[οἰκίον|tr=oikíon]]

+ * [[la|vīcus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}