βαίνω Ancient Greek · revision 15419

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *gʷem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /bǎi̯.nɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈβɛ.no/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈve.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''βαίνω''' (baínō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The present is [[inh|grk-pro|*gʷəňňō]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gʷm̥yéti]], the zero grade of [[m|ine-pro|*gʷem-|t=to go, come]] with a present suffix *-yé-.^(Wiktionary)^(DGE) The /m/ became /n/ before the following /y/.^(Πάπυρος) Cognate with [[la|veniō|t=to come]], [[got|𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽|tr=qiman|t=to come]], [[ang|cuman|t=to come]] and the aorist [[sa|अगमन्|tr=ágaman|t=they went]].^(DGE)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The other tenses, the aorist [[m|grc|ἔβην|tr=ébēn]], the future [[m|grc|βήσομαι|tr=bḗsomai]] and the perfect [[m|grc|βέβηκα|tr=bébēka]], come from a different root, Indo-European [[ine-pro|*gʷeh₂-]], seen also in [[sa|जिगाति|tr=jigāti|t=goes]].^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is common in Homer from the first book of the ''Iliad'' (“he went”, 1.34), meaning to step, go, set out, mount a chariot or board a ship.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Homer and later poetry it covers every kind of going: walking, marching, dancing in rhythm, going away and, euphemistically, dying, as in Aeschylus' ''Persians''.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) The perfect meant to stand or be in a place, and so to be well established, as of a tyranny in Herodotus.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Geometers used the perfect for a figure standing on a base.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ In correct Attic prose the present is almost the only tense used, but the compounds ([[ἀναβαίνω|tr=anabaínō]], [[ἐκβαίνω|tr=ekbaínō]]...) were used in all tenses.^(LSJ 1940) Modern Greek ''βαίνω'' is a learned word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' use it for going, stepping and mounting.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 7th century BC – Archilochus uses the perfect for being firmly placed.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Aeschylus uses the perfect as a euphemism for having died.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Thucydides uses it for marching in rhythm.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Euclid uses the perfect for an angle standing on an arc.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|step]], [[m|en|walk]], go on foot.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To go, set out, come.^(CGL 2021)

+ # To mount (a chariot or horse), go on board (a ship).^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # To go away, depart;^(LSJ 1940) ''(euphemistic)'' to [[m|en|die]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(perfect)'' To stand, be in a place; to be well established.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Of a male animal: to [[m|en|mount]].^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(causative future and aorist)'' To make go, bring; to bring down.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀμφιβαίνω|tr=amphibaínō]]

+ * [[ἀναβαίνω|tr=anabaínō]]

+ * [[ἀντιβαίνω|tr=antibaínō]]

+ * [[ἀντιδιαβαίνω|tr=antidiabaínō]]

+ * [[ἀποβαίνω|tr=apobaínō]]

+ * [[διαβαίνω|tr=diabaínō]]

+ * [[εἰσαναβαίνω|tr=eisanabaínō]]

+ * [[εἰσβαίνω|tr=eisbaínō]]

+ * [[εἰσκαταβαίνω|tr=eiskatabaínō]]

+ * [[ἐκβαίνω|tr=ekbaínō]]

+ * [[ἐκδιαβαίνω|tr=ekdiabaínō]]

+ * [[ἐμβαίνω|tr=embaínō]]

+ * [[ἐξαποβαίνω|tr=exapobaínō]]

+ * [[ἐπαναβαίνω|tr=epanabaínō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀκροβάτης|tr=akrobátēs]]

+ * [[βαδίζω|tr=badízō]]

+ * [[βάθρον|tr=báthron]]

+ * [[βάσις|tr=básis]]

+ * [[βάσκω|tr=báskō]]

+ * [[-βάτης|tr=-bátēs]]

+ * [[βατός|tr=batós]]

+ * [[βέβαιος|tr=bébaios]]

+ * [[βέβηλος|tr=bébēlos]]

+ * [[βηλός|tr=bēlós]]

+ * [[la|veniō]]

+ * [[en|come]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}