karma English · revision 15364

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1800|origins=ine-pro *kʷer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈkɑː.mə/; /ˈkɑɹ.mə/, /ˈkəɹ.mə/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|sa|कर्म|tr=karma|t=action, work, deed; fate]], the nominative of [[m|sa|कर्मन्|tr=karman]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|sa|करोति|tr=karoti|t=he does, makes]],^(MWU 2024)^(Collins 2023) related to [[ae|kərənaoiti|t=makes]] and [[peo|kunautiy|t=he makes]],^(Etymonline) from [[ine-pro|*kʷer-|t=to make, form]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In an Indian context, the sum of a person's actions in one life, which determines the next: 1800 in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) the OED's first quotation, in Buddhism, is from 1827.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Karmic is from 1883.^(OED 1989) The OED (1989) notes that the word was latterly adopted by Western popular meditative groups,^(Etymonline) and in loose use it means fate or destiny,^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) or the feeling or atmosphere of a place or person.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1800 – karma.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1827 – in Buddhism (OED).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1883 – karmic.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # In [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]], the sum of a person's actions, seen as deciding their fate in this life and in future [[reincarnation|alt=reincarnations]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Fate or [[destiny]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' The atmosphere or feeling surrounding a person or place; [[vibe|alt=vibes]].^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[karmic]]

+ * [[karma-marga]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dharma]]

+ * [[Sanskrit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}