encore English · revision 1535

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1712}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɒŋkɔː/, /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ ''(UK)''; /ˈɑnkoɹ/, /ˈɑŋkoɹ/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|encore|t=still, yet, again]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) generally explained as from [[la-vul|*hinc ad hōram|t=from then to this hour]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) or from [[la|hanc ad hōram]], [[m|la|in hanc hōram|t=to this hour]],^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)^(Collins 2023) with [[m|la|hōra|t=hour]] (see [[hour]]).^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Klein 1966) Hoad calls its origin uncertain,^(Hoad 1986) and Skeat notes that it is somewhat disputed.^(Skeat 1911) [[it|ancora|t=again, still, yet]] is said to be a French loanword.^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As an interjection, “again, once more”, used by an audience to call for the repetition of a song or performance (1712 in the OED, Barnhart and Merriam-Webster).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Steele wrote in the ''Spectator'' that whenever gentlemen were pleased with a song and cried out “Encore”, the performer obligingly sang it again.^(Etymonline) The verb, to call for a repetition, followed in 1748,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MWU 2024) and the noun, a call for repetition or the repetition itself, in 1763.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) Weekley thought the English use typical of the English treatment of foreign words, since the French and Italians themselves shout ''bis'';^(Weekley 1921) Hoad notes that the verb is not used so in French.^(Hoad 1986) The word also came to mean any second achievement, especially one surpassing the first.^(MW Collegiate)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1712 – interjection.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1748 – verb.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1763 – noun.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Interjection===

+ # Again; once more, called out by an audience to demand an additional performance.^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A demand by an audience, usually by [[applause]], for an additional performance.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An additional or repeated performance given in response to such a demand.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A second achievement, especially one that surpasses the first.^(MW Collegiate)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To call for a repetition or an additional performance of a piece or by a performer.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hour]]

+ * [[bis]]

+ * [[curtain call]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}