roast English · revision 15338

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1280}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɹoʊst/, /ɹəʊst/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|rosten]], [[bor|fro|rostir|t=to roast, burn]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[frk|*hraustjan]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) of West Germanic origin, cognate with [[goh|rōsten]], [[dum|roosten]] and [[de|rösten]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) originally to cook on a grate, related to [[de|Rost|t=gridiron]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To cook by dry heat: about 1280 in Barnhart, the late 13th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Roasting was originally cooking before a fire and baking cooking in an oven;^(Cresswell 2021) the OED notes that roast is now often used of cooking meat in an oven.^(Etymonline) The noun, a piece of roast meat, is from about 1330.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) Roasting coffee beans is by 1724.^(Etymonline) To make fun of someone is from 1710,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021) and the noun, unmerciful banter, from 1740;^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) a roast as a comic tribute to a guest of honour is American English from about 1900.^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD) ''To rule the roast'' is from the 15th century.^(OED 1989) Roast beef is from the 1630s, and French [[m|fr|rosbif]] is from English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1280 – to roast.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1330 – a roast (noun).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1630s – roast beef.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1710 – to ridicule.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1900 – a roast, a comic tribute.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cook meat or other food by dry heat, especially in an [[oven]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To dry or brown by heating, as coffee beans.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To be or make very hot.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' To criticize or tease harshly.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A cut of meat for roasting, or one that has been roasted.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An event at which someone is honoured with affectionate mockery.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Roasted: ''roast chicken''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[roastable]]

+ * [[overroast]]

+ * [[underroast]]

+ * [[roasting ear]]

+ * [[crown roast]]

+ * [[pot roast]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[roster]]

+ * [[toast]]

+ * [[bake]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}