dough English · revision 15299

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1000|origins=ine-pro *dʰeyǵʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dəʊ/ ''(UK)''; /doʊ/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|dogh]], [[inh|ang|dāg]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*daigaz|t=something kneaded]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) cognate with [[nl|deeg]], [[goh|teic]] (modern [[m|de|Teig]]), [[non|deig]] and [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃|tr=daigs]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[ine-pro|*dʰeyǵʰ-|t=to knead, form]], also the source of [[la|fingō|t=to shape]] and [[grc|τεῖχος|tr=teîkhos|t=wall]].^(Hoad 1986)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[lady]] and [[dairy]].^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Flour or meal moistened and kneaded for baking: about 1000 in the OED and Barnhart.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) The Middle English form doh is from about 1150.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''My cake is dough'', my project has failed, is a proverb from 1596.^(OED 1989) Any soft pasty mass is from 1559.^(OED 1989) The slang sense, money, is originally American, from 1851,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) compare [[bread]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – dāg.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1559 – a soft mass.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1596 – my cake is dough.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1851 – money (slang).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A thick mixture of [[flour]] and liquid, kneaded and shaped for baking into bread or pastry.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Any similar soft, pasty mass.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(slang)'' Money.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[doughlike]]

+ * [[donut]]

+ * [[doughface]]

+ * [[sourdough]]

+ * [[doughboy]]

+ * [[doughnut]]

+ * [[doughy]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lady]]

+ * [[dairy]]

+ * [[figure]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}