conjunction English · revision 15101

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1374|origins=la iungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kənˈdʒʌŋk.ʃən/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|conjunctioun]], [[bor|fro|conjonction|t=union, joining]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from [[la|coniūnctiō|t=a joining, union]], from [[m|la|coniungō|t=to join together]], from [[m|la|com-|t=together]] and [[m|la|iungō|t=to join]] (see [[join]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from [[ine-pro|*yeug-|t=to join]].^(Etymonline) The grammatical sense was probably taken directly from Latin.^(Barnhart 1988) Old English had translated the Latin word as [[m|ang|geðeodnys]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The apparent closeness of two planets: 1375, in John Barbour's The Bruce.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The act of joining is from about 1374 in the OED, about 1380 in Chaucer's Boethius in Barnhart,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) and the part of speech from before 1397, in the Wycliffe Bible.^(Barnhart 1988) In alchemy a conjunction was a union of substances (about 1400).^(OED 1989) Union in marriage (1541) and sexual union (1567) are obsolete senses.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) A combination of events is from 1684,^(OED 1989) and ''in conjunction with'' from 1745.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1374 – the act of joining.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1375 – a conjunction of planets.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1397 – a conjunction (grammar).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1567 – sexual union (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1745 – in conjunction with.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(grammar)'' A word, such as ''and'', ''but'' or ''because'', that connects words, phrases or clauses.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The act of joining; combination or union.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The simultaneous occurrence of events; [[coincidence]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(astronomy, astrology)'' The apparent closeness of two heavenly bodies.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+ # ''in conjunction with'': together with.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[conjunctional]]

+ * [[conjunctionally]]

+ * [[nonconjunction]]

+ * [[coordinating conjunction]]

+ * [[subordinating conjunction]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[conjugate]]

+ * [[conjoin]]

+ * [[join]]

+ * [[junction]]

+ * [[conjugal]]

+ * [[yoke]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}