revival English · revision 15097

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1609}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /rɪˈvaɪ.vəl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[revive]] and [[-al]].^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The act of reviving after decline or disuse: 1609 in Merriam-Webster, 1651 in the OED, the 1650s in Etymonline.^(MWU 2024)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The restaging of an old play is a revival from 1664,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) restoration to vigour from 1752, and return to life or consciousness from 1788.^(OED 1989) A general religious awakening in a community is in Cotton Mather in 1702,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and by 1818 revivals were enthusiastic religious meetings, often Methodist.^(Etymonline) Revivalist is from 1812.^(Etymonline) The ''revival of learning'', the Renaissance, is from 1785,^(OED 1989) and the Gothic revival in Victorian architecture by 1850.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1609 – a revival.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1664 – a revival of a play.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1702 – a religious revival.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1785 – revival of learning.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1812 – revivalist.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1850 – the Gothic revival.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of reviving, or the state of being revived.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A return to use, interest or vigour after a period of neglect: ''the Gothic revival''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A new production of an old play, film, opera or the like.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A reawakening of religious faith, or a meeting meant to bring one about.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A return to life or consciousness.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nonrevival]]

+ * [[prerevival]]

+ * [[revivalism]]

+ * [[revivalist]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[revive]]

+ * [[survive]]

+ * [[vital]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}