verbal English · revision 15027

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=probably before 1425|origins=la verbum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈvɜː.bəl/, US /ˈvɝː.bəl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frm|verbal]] and directly [[la-lat|verbālis|t=consisting of words, relating to verbs]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[la|verbum|t=word, verb]] (see [[verb]] and [[word]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Dealing with words, especially mere words as opposed to things: probably before 1425 in Barnhart, the early 15th century in Etymonline, 1484 in the OED.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Consisting of words, and relating to a verb, is from the 1520s or 1530;^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) the noun, a word derived from a verb, is from 1530, in Palsgrave.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) Expressed in spoken words is from the 1590s, and word-for-word from the 1610s.^(Etymonline) Talkative, articulate is from 1611.^(OED 1989) ''Verbal diarrhoea'', extreme talkativeness, is attested by 1823,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and ''verbal conditioning'' from 1954.^(Etymonline) Verbalize meant to use too many words in 1609, and to put into words from 1875.^(Barnhart 1988) Collins records slang uses, abuse and a criminal's spoken admission.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * probably before 1425 – verbal.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1530 – a verbal (noun).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1590s – spoken.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1609 – verbalize.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1823 – verbal diarrhoea.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of, relating to or using words: ''merely verbal concessions''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Spoken rather than written: ''a verbal agreement''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Word for word; [[verbatim]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Of, relating to or derived from a verb.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(grammar)'' A noun or adjective formed from a verb.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(slang, plural)'' Verbal abuse.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[verbally]]

+ * [[verbalize]]

+ * [[interverbal]]

+ * [[nonverbal]]

+ * [[subverbal]]

+ * [[verbalist]]

+ * [[verbal noun]]

+ * [[verbal adjective]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verbalism]]

+ * [[verbality]]

+ * [[verbiage]]

+ * [[verb]]

+ * [[verbatim]]

+ * [[verbose]]

+ * [[word]]

+ * [[proverb]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}