shuttle English · revision 14992

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 875|origins=ine-pro *skeud-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈʃʌt.əl/, US /ˈʃʌt̬.əl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|shittle]], [[inh|ang|scytel|t=dart, arrow]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[gem-pro|*skutilaz]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) cognate with [[non|skutill|t=harpoon]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021) related to [[m|ang|scēotan|t=to shoot]] (see [[shoot]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[ine-pro|*skeud-|t=to shoot, chase, throw]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A dart or missile, in Old English: about 875.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The weaver's instrument, “shot” across the threads, is from 1338.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) The shuttlecock is a shuttle from about 1440.^(OED 1989) Thread-carriers in netting and sewing machines followed (1767, 1846).^(OED 1989) A train running back and forth over a short route is from 1895,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) air services from 1942, and the space shuttle by 1969.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The verb, to move to and fro, is from the 1540s, and to carry by a shuttle service from 1930.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 875 – a dart.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1338 – a weaver's shuttle.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1540s – to shuttle (verb).^(Etymonline)

+ * 1895 – a shuttle train.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1942 – a shuttle air service.^(Etymonline)

+ * by 1969 – the space shuttle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A device in weaving that carries the weft thread between the warp threads.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A bobbin-like device holding the thread in a sewing machine or in tatting.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A bus, train or aircraft running frequently between two places.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A [[space shuttle]].^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To move or travel back and forth.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To carry by or as if by a shuttle.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[shuttler]]

+ * [[shuttleless]]

+ * [[shuttlelike]]

+ * [[shuttlecock]]

+ * [[shuttlecraft]]

+ * [[shuttle diplomacy]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[shoot]]

+ * [[shot]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}