monument English · revision 14976

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1280|origins=la moneō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈmɒn.jə.mənt/, US /ˈmɑːn.jə.mənt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fro|monument|t=grave, tomb, monument]] and directly [[la|monumentum|t=something that reminds; memorial, tomb]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[m|la|moneō|t=to remind, warn]] (see [[monitor]]) and [[m|la|-mentum]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from [[ine-pro|*men-|t=to think]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A sepulchre or tomb: about 1280 in Barnhart, before 1300 in the OED, the late 13th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A written document or legal record is from about 1440,^(OED 1989)^(Hoad 1986) and an indication or token of something from 1605.^(OED 1989) Anything that commemorates a person or event by surviving is from about 1530,^(OED 1989) and an enduring evidence or example from the 1520s in Etymonline, 1675 in the OED.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) A structure built to commemorate a person or event is attested from about 1600,^(Etymonline) or the 16th century according to Hoad.^(Hoad 1986) In US law a monument is a fixed object marking a boundary (1828–32).^(OED 1989) The adjective monumental is from 1604, in Shakespeare's Othello.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1280 – a tomb.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1440 – a written record.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1530 – something commemorative.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1600 – a commemorative structure.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1604 – monumental.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A statue, building or other structure erected in memory of a person or event.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A tombstone or memorial marker over a grave.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A notable building or site, especially one preserved as public property.^(Collins 2023)

+ # An outstanding or enduring example: ''a monument of tedium''.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+ # In the US, a boundary marker.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[monumentless]]

+ * [[national monument]]

+ * [[Monument Valley]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[monumental]]

+ * [[monitor]]

+ * [[admonish]]

+ * [[summon]]

+ * [[mind]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}