conclude English · revision 14974

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1325|origins=la claudō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kənˈkluːd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|concluden]], [[bor|la|conclūdō|t=to shut up, enclose, end]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|la|com-|t=completely, together]] and [[m|la|claudō|t=to shut]] (see [[close]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To shut off or win an argument: before 1325, in Cursor Mundi, in Barnhart; the early 14th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To reach a conclusion, to infer, is from about 1380, in Chaucer's Boethius,^(Barnhart 1988) the late 14th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) To bring to an end is also from the late 14th century,^(Etymonline) or before 1420 in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988) To enclose or include, now obsolete, is from about 1386,^(OED 1989) to bind to a course of action from 1393,^(OED 1989) and to settle or arrange finally, as a treaty, from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline) Conclusion is probably from about 1370, in Chaucer.^(Barnhart 1988) In Yorkshire, Kent and Surrey dialect to conclude was to decide or arrange.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1325 – to win an argument.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1370 – conclusion.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1380 – to infer.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1386 – to include (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * early 15th century – to settle finally.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bring or come to an end.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To decide by reasoning; to [[deduce]]: ''the judge concluded that the witness had told the truth''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To arrange or settle finally: ''to conclude a treaty''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To confine.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concluder]]

+ * [[concludable]]

+ * [[unconcluded]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[conclusion]]

+ * [[conclusive]]

+ * [[include]]

+ * [[occlude]]

+ * [[preclude]]

+ * [[close]]

+ * [[exclude]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}