bake English · revision 14958

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 893|origins=ine-pro *bhē-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /beɪk/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|baken]], [[inh|ang|bacan]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[gem-pro|*bakanan]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) cognate with [[goh|bahhan]], [[non|baka]], [[nl|bakken]] and [[de|backen]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) It goes back to an extended form of [[ine-pro|*bhē-|t=to warm]] (see [[bath]]), which also gave a Greek verb meaning to roast.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To cook by dry heat: before 893, in a translation of St Gregory's Dialogues.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Weak forms such as baked began before 1400 and were established by the 16th century.^(Hoad 1986) Hardening bricks in a kiln is from 1388,^(OED 1989) and the ground baked by the sun from 1697.^(OED 1989) The noun, the process of baking, is from the 1560s,^(Etymonline) and a gathering at which baked food is served is American, from 1846.^(Etymonline) ''Baked beans'' is by 1803.^(Etymonline) The baker's dozen of thirteen arose in the 16th century from the bakers' practice of adding a thirteenth loaf for the retailer's profit.^(Cresswell 2021) In Scots a bake is a biscuit.^(OED 1989)^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 893 – bacan.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1388 – to bake bricks.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1560s – a bake (noun).^(Etymonline)

+ * 16th century – baker's dozen.^(Cresswell 2021)

+ * 1803 – baked beans.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1846 – a bake, a social gathering (US).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cook food by dry heat, especially in an oven.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To harden or dry by heat.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' To be extremely hot, as in the sun.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An act of baking, or a batch of things baked.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(US)'' A social gathering at which baked food is served.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(Scottish)'' A kind of biscuit.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[baker]]

+ * [[bakemeat]]

+ * [[bake-off]]

+ * [[half-baked]]

+ * [[bakeapple]]

+ * [[bakehouse]]

+ * [[bakery]]

+ * [[bakeshop]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[roast]]

+ * [[batch]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}