translate English · revision 14935

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1300|origins=la ferō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /trænzˈleɪt/, /trænsˈleɪt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|translaten]], [[bor|fro|translater]] and directly [[la|trānslātus|t=carried over]], the past participle serving [[m|la|trānsferō|t=to bring over, carry over]] (see [[transfer]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|la|trāns-|t=across]] and [[m|la|lātus|t=borne, carried]], a participle used with [[m|la|ferō|t=to bear]].^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) Barnhart and Hoad think the Latin participle came first, reinforced by the French verb.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) It replaced Old English [[m|ang|āwendan]], from [[m|ang|wendan|t=to turn]] (see [[wend]]).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To move from one place or condition to another, and to turn into another language: before 1300 in the OED, before 1325 in Cursor Mundi in Barnhart, the early 14th century in Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To carry someone to heaven without death, as Enoch, is from 1382.^(OED 1989) Translation is from about 1340,^(Barnhart 1988) and to practise translation from about 1440.^(OED 1989) In medicine, to move a disease from one part of the body to another is from 1732,^(OED 1989) and in physics, to move without rotating, from 1964.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1300 – to move; to render into another language.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1340 – translation.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1382 – to carry to heaven.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1440 – to practise translation.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1732 – to move a disease.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To express in another language.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To work as a translator; of a text, to be capable of translation: ''his books translate well''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To put into simpler terms; to [[interpret]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To change from one form or state to another: ''to translate hope into reality''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To move from one place or condition to another, as a bishop to another see.^(OED 1989)

+ # ''(physics)'' To move without rotating.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[translatability]]

+ * [[translatable]]

+ * [[translator]]

+ * [[mistranslate]]

+ * [[retranslate]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[translation]]

+ * [[translatory]]

+ * [[translative]]

+ * [[transfer]]

+ * [[transference]]

+ * [[relate]]

+ * [[collate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}