guru English · revision 1337

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɡʊɹuː/, /ˈɡuːɹuː/ ''(UK)''; /ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|hi|गुरु|tr=gurū|t=teacher, priest]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) [[der|sa|गुरु|tr=guru|t=venerable; heavy]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) literally “heavy, weighty”.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) Merriam-Webster relates it to [[grieve]].^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A Hindu spiritual teacher (1613).^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate) Barnhart dates it to 1800 and Etymonline to 1806, spelled ''gooroo''.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The general sense of an influential teacher or mentor appeared in 1940, in H. G. Wells.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) The sense of an expert was first used in Canadian English about 1966, of Marshall McLuhan.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1613 – a Hindu religious teacher.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1800 – ''gooroo''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1876 – the spelling ''guru''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1940 – any influential mentor.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * about 1966 – an expert, in Canadian English.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1966 – ''guru jacket''.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Hinduism)'' A personal spiritual teacher.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A teacher and guide in spiritual or intellectual matters; a [[mentor]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A recognized leader or expert in a field.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[guruship]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gurdwara]]

+ * [[grieve]]

+ * [[pundit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}