cognate English · revision 1163

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈkɒɡn(e)ɪt/ ''(UK)''; /ˈkɑɡn(e)ɪt/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|cognatus|t=of common descent, related by blood]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) [[af|la|co-|gnatus|t1=together|t2=born]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) ''gnātus'' being the past participle of ''gnāscī'', the older form of ''nāscī'' “to be born”.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) Barnhart suggests the influence of French ''cognat''.^(Barnhart 1995) It is related to [[nation]], [[native]] and [[kin]].^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Related by family or origin; descended from a common ancestor (about 1645).^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of things the adjective meant akin in origin or nature from the 1640s.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) It was applied to words that come from the same root but developed separately by 1782,^(Etymonline) and to languages descended from the same parent language by 1799.^(Etymonline) The noun, one related to another by blood, is from 1754.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) Etymonline notes that cognates are more like cousins than siblings, since they develop in different languages.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 14th century – ''cognation'', kinship.^(Etymonline)

+ * about 1645 – related by family or origin.^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1754 – noun, a blood relation.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1782 – of words, from the same root.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1799 – of languages, from the same parent.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Related by blood; having a common [[ancestor]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of words or languages, descended from the same ancestral form, as English ''name'' and [[Latin]] ''nōmen''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Related or similar in nature, character or function.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In grammar, of a noun, related to the verb it serves as object of, as ''a dream'' in ''dream a dream''.^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A person related to another by blood, especially through a common ancestor.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A word related in origin to a word in another [[language]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cognation]]

+ * [[cognately]]

+ * [[cognateness]]

+ * [[noncognate]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cognate object]]

+ * [[nation]]

+ * [[native]]

+ * [[kin]]

+ * [[agnate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Wiktionary notes that ''cognate to'' is much less common than ''cognate with''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}