traduce English · revision 1094

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tɹəˈdjuːs/ ''(UK)''; /tɹəˈdus/, /tɹəˈdjus/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|traduco|t=to lead across, transfer; to lead as a spectacle, disgrace]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) from ''trāns-'' “across” and ''dūcere'' “to lead”.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) The same Latin verb gave French ''traduire'' and Spanish ''traducir'' “to translate”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To alter or put into another form, especially to translate (before 1533),^(Barnhart 1995)^(OED 1989) and to transport from one place to another (1535).^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th and 17th centuries the word also meant to pass on to one's offspring or descendants (1568).^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) The sense to defame or slander, to expose to ridicule, is from the 1580s (1586–87 in Barnhart),^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) from the Latin figurative use “to lead along as a spectacle, to disgrace”.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) The older senses are now obsolete.^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary) ''Traducer'' “slanderer” is from 1614.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1533 – to translate or alter.^(Barnhart 1995)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1535 – to transport.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1568 – to transmit to offspring.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1586–87 – to slander.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1614 – ''traducer''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To humiliate or disgrace someone by making malicious and false statements; to [[slander]] or [[defame]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To violate or betray, as a principle.^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To transmit to one's descendants.^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[traducement]]

+ * [[traducer]]

+ * [[traducingly]]

+ * [[untraduced]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[transduce]]

+ * [[duke]]

+ * [[conduct]]

+ * [[traducianism]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Random House lists ''vilify'', ''decry'' and ''disparage'' as synonyms and ''praise'' as an antonym.^(RHWU) Wiktionary warns against confusing it with ''transduce''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}