integral English · revision 10806

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1471|origins=la-med integralis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl/, /ɪnˈteɡ.rəl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-med|integrālis|t=forming a whole]], probably through Middle French intégral,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from Latin integer, untouched, whole (see [[integer]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Necessary to make something complete, implied in the adverb integrallie: 1471;^(Barnhart 1988) of or pertaining to a whole, the late 15th century in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) 1551 in the OED and Merriam-Webster.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Made up of parts that form a unity is from 1588,^(OED 1989) and whole, with nothing lacking, from 1611.^(OED 1989) In mathematics, relating to integers, not fractional, is first recorded in 1658.^(Barnhart 1988) The noun, a whole or something undivided, is from 1620,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) and in calculus an integral is the result of integration.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) The NODE compares [[integrate]] and [[integrity]].^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1471 – integrallie.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1551 – belonging to a whole.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1611 – entire.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1620 – a whole (noun).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1658 – relating to integers.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[essential|alt=Essential]] to make a whole complete: ''an integral part''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Whole; complete.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' Of integers, or of an integral.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(mathematics)'' The result of [[integration]] of a function.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[integrality]]

+ * [[integrally]]

+ * [[integralism]]

+ * [[integraph]]

+ * [[unintegral]]

+ * [[integrity]]

+ * [[half-integral]]

+ * [[integration]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[integer]]

+ * [[integrate]]

+ * [[entire]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The Cambridge pronouncing dictionary notes that as a mathematical term the word is stressed on the first syllable.^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}