manga English · revision 10728

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1951|origins=ja 漫画}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈmæŋ.ɡə/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|ja|漫画|tr=manga|t=cartoon, caricature]],^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from man, aimless, involuntary, and ga, picture,^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) so literally “involuntary pictures”.^(Etymonline) The term is said to have been coined in 1814 by the artist Katsushika Hokusai to convey free-flowing composition and quirky style.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Japanese comic books and graphic novels: about 1951 in Merriam-Webster,^(MWU 2024) about 1984 in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) Evans's Japanese loanwords dictionary quotes The Atlantic Monthly of 1986 on thick volumes of comics known as manga.^(Evans 1997)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word came into wide English use with the spread of Japanese comics and animation (compare [[anime]]),^(Etymonline) often of a science-fiction or fantasy kind.^(COED 2004) The stories usually read from right to left, like Japanese writing.^(LDOCE 2009)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1814 – coined by Hokusai (traditionally).^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1951 – manga in English.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1986 – quoted in The Atlantic Monthly.^(Evans 1997)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Japanese [[comic]] books and graphic novels, or the style of drawing used in them.^(MWU 2024)^(COED 2004)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anime]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Merriam-Webster also records manga, a poncho in the American Southwest, from Spanish manga, sleeve, from Latin manica.^(MWU 2024) An obsolete manga was a form of [[mango]].^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}