triumph English · revision 10709

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1375|origins=fro triumphe|origins=la triumphus|origins=grc θρίαμβος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈtraɪ.əmf/, /ˈtraɪ.ʌmf/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fro|triumphe|t=achievement, conquest]] (modern triomphe),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) a learned borrowing of Latin triumphus, earlier triumpus,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) probably through Etruscan from Greek [[m|grc|θρίαμβος|tr=thríambos|t=hymn to Dionysus]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) itself perhaps a loan from a pre-Greek language.^(Etymonline) Merriam-Webster derives triumpus from triumpe!, a shout repeated at a Roman ceremony.^(MWU 2024) Old English already had triumpha.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The procession of a victorious general into ancient Rome: about 1375 in Chaucer's Anelida and Arcite,^(Barnhart 1988) about 893 in the OED for the Old English word.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Victory or conquest is first recorded about 1400,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) and the exultation of victory, elation, in 1582.^(Barnhart 1988) Early writers used triumph of any stately show or pageant, not only one celebrating a victory, as in Bacon's essay Of Masks and Triumphs.^(Trench 1859)^(OED 1989) The verb, to rejoice in victory, is probably from before 1450,^(Barnhart 1988) and to gain a victory, prevail, from about 1500.^(Etymonline) Triumph is also the source of [[trump]] in card games.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 893 – triumpha (Old English).^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1375 – a Roman triumph.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1400 – a victory.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1450 – to triumph (verb).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1502 – a pageant.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1582 – exultation.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A great [[victory]] or success.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The joy or [[exultation]] felt at a victory.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # In ancient Rome, a procession honouring a victorious general.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To win or succeed; to prevail.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To rejoice over a victory.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[triumphal]]

+ * [[triumpher]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[triumphant]]

+ * [[trump]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}