ruby English · revision 10664
17 Oct 2026, 05:24 by bogdan “en10k b0379: pity … furious”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1310|origins=fro rubi|origins=la-med rubinus}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈruː.bi/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|fro|rubi]] (12th century; modern rubis),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) probably from Medieval Latin rubīnus (lapis), red stone,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from Latin rubeus, red, related to ruber, red (see [[red]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) Klein suggests the modern French rubis comes from a plural taken as a singular.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A rare, valuable red precious stone: before 1310 in the OED,^(OED 1989) probably about 1300 as ribe and about 1325 as ruby;^(Barnhart 1988) as a surname from the late 12th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As a term of high praise, chiefly for women, ruby is from before 1310 and now obsolete.^(OED 1989) The adjective, of or like a ruby, is from about 1477,^(Barnhart 1988) and the deep glowing red colour from 1508,^(Barnhart 1988) the 1570s as a noun in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The jewel bearing of a watch is from 1875.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * before 1310 – the gemstone.^(OED 1989)
+ * c. 1477 – ruby (adjective).^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * 1508 – deep red.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * 1875 – a watch jewel.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A deep red, clear variety of [[corundum]], valued as a precious stone.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # Something made of ruby, such as a bearing in a [[watch]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ # A deep red colour.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Deep red.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rubylike]]
+ * [[rubythroat]]
+ * [[rubious]]
+ * [[ruby silver]]
+ * [[ruby-crowned kinglet]]
+ * [[ruby spinel]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[corundum]]
+ * [[rouge]]
+ * [[rubicund]]
+ * [[rufous]]
+ * [[rubric]]
+ * [[russet]]
+ * [[red]]
+ * [[rubella]]
+ * [[ruddy]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}