manufacture English · revision 10657

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1567|origins=frm manufacture}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃə/, US /ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frm|manufacture]] (1511),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from Medieval Latin *manūfactūra, a making by hand,^(Etymonline) from Latin manū, by hand (see [[manual]]), and factūra, a making, from facere, to make (see [[fact]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Italian manifattura and Spanish manufactura may have been the model, but the French word is generally taken as an independent formation, refashioned after Latin manū factum, made by hand.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Something made by hand: 1567,^(Barnhart 1988) the 1560s in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Making by hand is from 1605,^(OED 1989) and the act or process of manufacturing goods is first recorded in 1622, in Bacon's Henry VII,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) later especially on a large scale with machinery.^(OED 1989)^(AHD) A branch of industry is from 1683.^(OED 1989) The verb is from 1683, in Thomas Tryon,^(Barnhart 1988) first converting material into a usable form,^(Etymonline) then to make in quantity by hand or machinery by 1755,^(Etymonline) and figuratively to invent or fabricate (''to manufacture an excuse'') from 1762.^(Etymonline)^(Collins 2023) ''Manufactory'' is a 17th-century word.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1567 – a thing made by hand.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1605 – making by hand.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1622 – the process of manufacturing.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1683 – to manufacture (verb).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1762 – to fabricate (figurative).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make goods from raw materials, especially in large quantities using [[machinery]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To invent or make up: ''to manufacture an excuse''.^(Collins 2023)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The making of goods, especially by industrial processes.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A manufactured product.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[manufacturable]]

+ * [[manufactural]]

+ * [[manufacturing]]

+ * [[manufacturability]]

+ * [[nonmanufacture]]

+ * [[premanufacture]]

+ * [[remanufacture]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manufactory]]

+ * [[manufacturer]]

+ * [[manual]]

+ * [[fact]]

+ * [[factory]]

+ * [[manuscript]]

+ * [[manicure]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}