geography English · revision 10650

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1542|origins=la geographia|origins=grc γεωγραφία}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /dʒiˈɒɡ.rə.fi/, US /dʒiˈɑː.ɡrə.fi/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|geōgraphia]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) partly through French géographie,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from Greek [[m|grc|γεωγραφία|tr=geōgraphíā|t=description of the earth's surface]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from gê, earth, and -graphíā, description, from gráphein, to write (see [[-graphy]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The science that describes the earth's surface: 1542, in Udall's translation of Erasmus.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A treatise or textbook on geography is from 1559;^(OED 1989) Word Origins says this was the first English meaning.^(Cresswell 2021) The geographical features of a place are from 1737,^(OED 1989) and humorously the layout of a house (''the geography of the house'') from 1864.^(OED 1989) The study of a subject in its geographical aspects is from 1643.^(OED 1989) ''Geographical'' is from 1559 and ''geographic'' from 1630.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1542 – the science of geography.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1559 – a geography textbook; geographical.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1630 – geographic.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1737 – the features of a region.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1864 – the layout of a house.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The study of the Earth's surface, its physical features, [[climate]], population and resources.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The physical features of a region.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The arrangement or layout of something.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[geographer]]

+ * [[anthropogeography]]

+ * [[biogeography]]

+ * [[geographic]]

+ * [[geographical]]

+ * [[nosogeography]]

+ * [[paleogeography]]

+ * [[phytogeography]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[geology]]

+ * [[geometry]]

+ * [[-graphy]]

+ * [[biography]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}