negotiate English · revision 10627

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1599|origins=la negotiari}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /nɪˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, US /nɪˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|negōtiātus]], past participle of negōtiārī, to carry on business,^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(Hoad 1986) or probably a back-formation from [[negotiation]] (1425),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from negōtium, business,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from neg-, not, and ōtium, leisure (see [[otiose]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021) the same image as English [[business]].^(Cresswell 2021) Barnhart suggests negōtium may be a loan translation of Greek askholíā, occupation, business, from a-, not, and skholḗ, leisure (see [[school]]).^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To hold talks with others to reach an agreement: 1599, in Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To do business or trade is from 1601, now obsolete,^(OED 1989) and to arrange or obtain by talks from the 1610s.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) To manage something needing skill is from 1619.^(OED 1989) Converting a bill into money, by transfer, is a 17th-century sense.^(Hoad 1986) To get over or past an obstacle (1862) began in the hunting field, of clearing a fence on horseback;^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Gowers remarked that fox hunters also like to hunt verbal novelties.^(Etymonline) ''Negotiable'' is from 1758.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1425 – negotiation.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1599 – to hold talks.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1610s – to arrange by talks.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1758 – negotiable.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1862 – to get over an obstacle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To discuss with others in order to reach an [[agreement]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To arrange or settle by discussion: ''to negotiate a treaty''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To get past or over an obstacle successfully: ''to negotiate a bend''.^(Collins 2023)^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(finance)'' To transfer a bill or cheque to another in return for value.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[negotiator]]

+ * [[negotiatory]]

+ * [[unnegotiated]]

+ * [[negotiable]]

+ * [[negotiation]]

+ * [[renegotiate]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[otiose]]

+ * [[business]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}