raspberry English · revision 1061

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɹɑːzb(ə)ɹi/, /ˈɹæzbɹi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from earlier ''raspis'' “raspberry” (about 1532) and [[berry]].^(Barnhart 1995)^(AHD)^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) ''Raspis'' is of uncertain origin;^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995)^(RHWU) it may be connected with Middle English ''raspise'', a sweet rose-coloured wine (before 1475), [[der|la-med|raspecia]].^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) Weekley suggests instead a possible link with Old Walloon ''raspoie'' “thicket”.^(Etymonline) The sense “derisive noise” is short for ''raspberry tart'', [[rhyming slang]] for [[fart]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The fruit of the raspberry plant (1623 in the OED and Barnhart; about 1616 in Merriam-Webster).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The name of the fruit was extended to the plant itself (1733) and to raspberry wine (1768).^(OED 1989) In 1890 it appears as a derisive noise made with the tongue and lips, an elliptical use of the rhyming slang ''raspberry tart'';^(OED 1989) by 1920 it was used figuratively for any refusal, reprimand or expression of disapproval.^(OED 1989) As a colour name it dates from 1923.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1532 – ''raspis'', raspberry.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1623 – the fruit.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1733 – the plant.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1890 – a derisive sound.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1920 – a refusal or reprimand.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1923 – a pinkish-red colour.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[aggregate fruit]] of certain plants of the genus ''[[Rubus]]'', made up of many small, juicy, usually red [[drupelet|alt=drupelets]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Any of the prickly shrubs of the [[rose]] family that bear this fruit.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A dark purplish-red colour.^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(informal)'' A rude noise of contempt made by blowing through the lips with the tongue stuck out; a [[Bronx cheer]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[black raspberry]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[blackberry]]

+ * [[berry]]

+ * [[rasp]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}