transparent English · revision 10523

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1413|origins=frm transparent|origins=la-med transparens}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /trænˈspær.ənt/, US /trænˈsper.ənt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frm|transparent]], and directly from Medieval Latin transpārēns, showing light through,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) present participle of transpārēre,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from Latin trāns-, through, and pārēre, to come in sight, appear (see [[appear]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Allowing light through so that what is behind can be seen: 1413 in the OED, early 15th century in Etymonline,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) probably before 1425 in a translation of Higden's Polychronicon.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The figurative senses followed in the 1590s: frank and open (1590), and easily seen through or understood (1592).^(OED 1989)^(Hoad 1986) Wider physical uses, letting heat or other radiation through, are from 1871.^(OED 1989) In linguistics a transparent word or structure, whose meaning can be worked out from its parts, is from 1974.^(OED 1989) ''Transparency'' is from the 16th century.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1413 – letting light through.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1590 – frank, open.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1592 – easily seen through.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1871 – pervious to heat or radiation.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1974 – of meaning or structure, obvious.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Allowing [[light]] through, so that objects behind can be seen clearly.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Allowing radiation of a given kind through: ''transparent to X-rays''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Easy to see through, understand or detect; [[obvious]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # [[frank|alt=Frank]] and open; [[candid]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[transparently]]

+ * [[transparentness]]

+ * [[radiotransparent]]

+ * [[subtransparent]]

+ * [[transparentize]]

+ * [[untransparent]]

+ * [[semitransparent]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[transparency]]

+ * [[appear]]

+ * [[apparent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}