abandon English · revision 10517

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1375|origins=fro abandoner}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /əˈbæn.dən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English abandounen, [[bor|fro|abandoner|t=to surrender, release, give freely]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from the phrase à bandon, at will, under one's control,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from à, at, to (Latin ad), and bandon, power, jurisdiction, of Frankish origin, related to [[ban]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Etymologically the word means to put something under someone else's control.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To reduce under control, subjugate: 1375 in the OED, now obsolete;^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002) about 1390 in Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales'' in Barnhart;^(Barnhart 1988) the late 14th century in Etymonline, to give up absolutely.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The earliest appearance in English is as an adverb, abandoun, under one's control, unrestricted (mid-13th century).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) To give up to another's control is from about 1386,^(OED 1989) and to give oneself up to something, such as an emotion, from 1393.^(OED 1989) To leave, desert or forsake someone in need is from the late 15th century.^(Etymonline) The noun, freedom from restraint, was reborrowed from French: as a French word in English by 1822, and in English from 1850.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) ''Abandoned'', immoral, is from 1692.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * mid-13th century – abandoun, under control.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1375 – to subjugate.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1393 – to give oneself up.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 15th century – to desert.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1692 – abandoned, immoral.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1822 – abandon (noun).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To leave behind or [[desert]], especially in spite of duty or responsibility.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To leave a place or thing because of danger: ''abandon ship''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To give up entirely, as a claim, habit or hope.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To stop something before it is finished.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To give oneself up completely to an emotion.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Complete freedom from inhibition; unrestrained enthusiasm.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abandonment]]

+ * [[abandoner]]

+ * [[abandonable]]

+ * [[reabandon]]

+ * [[abandoned]]

+ * [[abandonee]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ban]]

+ * [[banish]]

+ * [[bandit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}