Sabbath English · revision 1049

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈsæbəθ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|sabat]], [[inh|ang|sabat]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) also [[bor|fro|sabbat]],^(AHD)^(Etymonline) [[der|la|sabbatum]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) [[der|grc|σάββατον|tr=sábbaton]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) [[der|hbo|שַׁבָּת|tr=šabbāṯ|t=rest]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) from ''šāḇaṯ'' “he rested”.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The seventh day of the week, Saturday, kept as a day of rest by the Jews (c. 950).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Among Christians the day of rest moved from the seventh day to the first, in celebration of the Resurrection.^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) In English ''Sabbath'' was applied to Sunday by about 1410–40,^(Barnhart 1995)^(OED 1989) and the change was completed among English people generally during the Reformation.^(Etymonline) The spelling with ''-bb-'' appears about 1280, and that with ''-th'' was not widespread until the 16th century.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) Figuratively the word means any time of rest (1591),^(OED 1989) and it was also used for a midnight gathering of witches (1660), now usually ''sabbat''.^(OED 1989)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 950 – Saturday, the Jewish day of rest.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1280 – the spelling with ''-bb-''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * c. 1410 – Sunday, the Christian day of rest.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1591 – a time of rest.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1613 – a day of rest in other religions, such as Friday.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1660 – a midnight meeting of witches.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The seventh day of the week, [[Saturday]], kept as a day of rest and worship by Jews and some Christians.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The first day of the week, [[Sunday]], kept as a day of rest and worship by most Christians.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A day of prayer and rest in other religions, such as Friday in [[Islam]].^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Any time of rest.^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Sabbathless]]

+ * [[Sabbathlike]]

+ * [[witches' Sabbath]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sabbat]]

+ * [[sabbatarian]]

+ * [[sabbatarianism]]

+ * [[sabbatical]]

+ * [[sabbatize]]

+ * [[shabbat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}