harvest English · revision 10459

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 750|origins=gem-pro *harbistaz|origins=ine-pro *kerp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/, /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ ''(UK)''; /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English hervest, [[inh|ang|hærfest|t=autumn]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from Proto-Germanic *harbistaz,^(Hoad 1986)^(Etymonline) source also of Dutch herfst and German [[m|de|Herbst|t=autumn]] and Old Norse haust,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from PIE *kerp-, to gather, pluck, harvest,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) also seen in Latin carpere, to pluck, and Greek [[m|grc|καρπός|tr=karpós|t=fruit]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Autumn, as one of the four seasons: about 750 in Barnhart, 902 in the OED.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old and Middle English it was primarily a season name, with only an implied reference to gathering crops.^(Etymonline) The time of gathering crops is by the mid-13th century,^(Etymonline) and the act of gathering and the crop itself after about 1300.^(Etymonline) After about 1500 these were the main senses, and the borrowed [[autumn]] and [[fall]] supplied the season name.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) Trench remarked that English has a Latin name for the fourth quarter of the year because hærfest went to the ingathering of the fruits, while German Herbst kept the season.^(Trench 1859) Figurative use is from the 1530s.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The verb is from about 1400,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) of wild animals and of cells from 1946.^(Etymonline) ''Harvest home'' is from the 1570s and ''harvest moon'' from 1704.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 750 – autumn.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * mid-13th century – time of reaping.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1300 – reaping; the crop.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1400 – to harvest (verb).^(Etymonline)

+ * 1530s – figurative use.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1704 – harvest moon.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The gathering in of a ripened [[crop]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The crop gathered, or the yield of a season.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The time or season of gathering crops.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The result or consequence of an activity.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To gather a crop, or gather a crop from a field.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To receive the benefits or consequences of an action.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To remove an organ or cells for transplant or use.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[harvestable]]

+ * [[harvestability]]

+ * [[harvester]]

+ * [[harvestless]]

+ * [[harvestfish]]

+ * [[harvestman]]

+ * [[postharvest]]

+ * [[preharvest]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[autumn]]

+ * [[fall]]

+ * [[carpet]]

+ * [[excerpt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}