extract English · revision 10423

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1425|origins=la extractus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: verb /ɪkˈstrækt/, noun /ˈek.strækt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English extracten, [[bor|la|extractus]], the past participle of extrahere, to draw out,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from ex-, out, and trahere, to draw (see [[tract]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To draw or pull out: probably before 1425 in Barnhart, the late 15th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adjective, derived, descended, is from the 15th century and survives in Scots.^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002) The noun meant a summary or outline about 1443,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and a passage copied out from the 15th century;^(Hoad 1986) the substance drawn from something by distillation or chemical process is from the 1580s (1590).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) To copy out a passage is from the 17th century.^(Hoad 1986) ''Extraction'', at first the action of drawing out, also meant lineage, descent, from about 1477.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) ''Extractor'' is from 1611.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1425 – to draw out.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1443 – a summary (noun).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1477 – extraction, lineage.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1590 – a concentrated substance.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1611 – extractor.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pull or draw out, often with force.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To obtain something from a substance by pressure, distillation or a chemical process.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To obtain information, money or a concession, especially against resistance.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To copy out or excerpt a passage.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' To calculate a root of a number.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A passage taken from a book or document; an [[excerpt]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A concentrated preparation of a substance: ''vanilla extract''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extractable]]

+ * [[extractor]]

+ * [[extractability]]

+ * [[extractant]]

+ * [[extractive]]

+ * [[preextract]]

+ * [[nonextracted]]

+ * [[unextracted]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[extraction]]

+ * [[tract]]

+ * [[attract]]

+ * [[distract]]

+ * [[abstract]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In West Yorkshire, extract was a woollen material recovered from mixed rags by means of acids.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}