soda English · revision 10363

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=1471|origins=it soda|origins=ar سواد}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈsəʊdə/ ''(UK)''; /ˈsoʊdə/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from Italian [[m|it|soda]], a kind of saltwort from which soda was obtained, or Medieval Latin soda,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) a word of uncertain origin.^(Etymonline) Barnhart, following Steiger, Hess and Corominas, derives it from Arabic [[m|ar|سُوَّاد|tr=suwwād]], a variety of saltwort exported from North Africa to Sicily in the Middle Ages, related to sawād, black, the colour of the plant.^(Barnhart 1988) An older theory traced it to Medieval Latin sodānum, a headache remedy, from Arabic ṣudā', a splitting headache;^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) the SOED suggests Persian šūrak, saltwort, misread.^(SOED 2002) Etymonline also mentions Catalan sosa, attested from the late 13th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Sodium carbonate, an alkaline substance from the ashes of certain plants: 1471 in Barnhart, as sode; the late 15th century in Etymonline; 1558 in the OED and Merriam-Webster.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Saltwort itself is called soda from before 1500.^(Barnhart 1988) Soda was a major trading commodity in the medieval Mediterranean, until commercial manufacture began in France in the late 18th century.^(Etymonline) ''Soda water'' (1802) was water charged with carbonic acid; it rarely contained soda, but kept the name from when it did.^(Etymonline) Soda as short for soda water is from 1834,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and a drink of it, or an ice-cream soda, from 1933.^(OED 1989) ''Caustic soda'' is from 1839,^(OED 1989) ''soda bread'' from 1850, and ''soda cracker'' from 1863.^(Etymonline) Baking soda, sodium bicarbonate, is from 1851–54.^(OED 1989) [[sodium|alt=Sodium]] was named from soda in the 19th century.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1471 – sodium carbonate.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * before 1500 – saltwort.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1802 – soda water.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1834 – soda, a carbonated drink.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1839 – caustic soda.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1850 – soda bread.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Any of several compounds of sodium, such as sodium carbonate (washing soda) or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Carbonated water; [[soda water]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(US, Canada)'' A sweet fizzy drink.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A drink of carbonated water with ice cream and flavouring.^(AHD)

+ # The top card at the start of a game of faro.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sodaless]]

+ * [[sodic]]

+ * [[sodalite]]

+ * [[sodamide]]

+ * [[sodium]]

+ * [[baking soda]]

+ * [[bicarbonate of soda]]

+ * [[sal soda]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[soda water]]

+ * [[seltzer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}