withdrawal English · revision 10353

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1824|origins=en withdraw}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /wɪðˈdɹɔː(ə)l/, /wɪθˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ ''(UK)''; /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, /wɪθˈdɹɔ(ə)l/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[withdraw]] with the suffix [[-al]],^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) replacing earlier nouns such as withdrawing (early 14th century), withdraught (mid-14th century) and withdrawment (1630s).^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The act of retiring or retreating from a place or position: 1824;^(OED 1989) the act of taking back, the 1820s in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The retraction of a statement is from 1835,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and the removal of money from a bank from 1861.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) It is a synonym for coitus interruptus from 1889.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The physical reaction to stopping an addictive drug is from 1929, with an isolated use from 1897,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and ''withdrawal symptom'' from 1910.^(Etymonline) The psychological sense, retreat from social involvement and reality, is by 1916.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1824 – a retreat.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1835 – a retraction.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1861 – a withdrawal of money.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1897 – stopping a drug.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1910 – withdrawal symptom.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1916 – psychological withdrawal.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of withdrawing; a [[retreat]] or removal.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The removal of money from an account.^(AHD)

+ # Detachment from social or emotional involvement.^(AHD)

+ # The stopping of an addictive drug, and the physical and mental reactions that follow.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The retraction of a statement or offer.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[withdraw]]

+ * [[retreat]]

+ * [[retraction]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}