shout English · revision 10341

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 1300}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃaʊt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English shouten, schowten, a word of unknown or uncertain origin.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) The OED thinks a derivation from the root of [[shoot]] probable, on the idea of throwing the voice out loudly;^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) it may also be related to Old Norse skúta, a taunt (compare [[scout]], to mock),^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) and both are traced to PIE *skeud-, to shoot, chase, throw.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To call or cry out loudly: about 1300 in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) 1375 in Barbour's ''Bruce'' in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The transitive sense, to utter loudly, is by the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) The noun, a loud call or cry, also sometimes clamour or uproar, is from the mid-14th century (1375 in the OED).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Any loud noise forcing itself on the attention is from 1503.^(OED 1989) In colonial slang of 1854 a shout was a call to a waiter to refill the glasses of a company, hence one's turn to buy a round of drinks, still used in Britain, Australia and New Zealand.^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023) Among African Americans, a shout is a form of dancing with loud singing (1862).^(OED 1989) A ''shout-up'', a noisy argument, is from 1965.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1300 – to cry out.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1375 – a loud cry (noun).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1503 – any loud noise.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1854 – a round of drinks.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1862 – a ring shout.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cry out loudly; to utter with a shout.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A loud cry, especially to express emotion or give a command.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal, Britain, Australia, New Zealand)'' One's turn to buy a round of drinks.^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' A message or greeting broadcast on the radio.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[shouter]]

+ * [[unshouted]]

+ * [[unshouting]]

+ * [[outshout]]

+ * [[ring shout]]

+ * [[shouting match]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[shoot]]

+ * [[scout]]

+ * [[yell]]

+ * [[cry]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Shout is also an old word for a flat-bottomed boat, probably from Middle Dutch schūte, still used in the Lincolnshire fens.^(SOED 2002)^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}