tide English · revision 10302

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 700|origins=gem-pro *tīdiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /taɪd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English tide, [[inh|ang|tīd|t=point or portion of time, due time, season, hour]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, a division of time,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) source also of Old Saxon tīd, Dutch tijd and German [[m|de|Zeit|t=time]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) according to Watkins from PIE *di-ti-, division of time,^(Etymonline) from *dā-, to divide, which also gives Greek daíesthai, to divide.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[time]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A portion or space of time, a season: before 700 in the OED, about 725 in ''Beowulf'' in Barnhart.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old English a tide was a time, period or season, a sense surviving in [[Eastertide]] and [[Shrovetide]],^(Cresswell 2021)^(Hoad 1986) and a canonical hour or its service.^(OED 1989) In ''time and tide'' (early 13th century) the two words are synonyms.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) The sea sense came later, probably through the idea of a fixed time, specifically the time of high water:^(Etymonline) the time of the tide is from about 1300, and the rise and fall of the sea from the mid-14th century,^(Etymonline) either a native development or from Middle Low German getide.^(Etymonline) Figurative use is by the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) The verb, to flow like the tide, is from 1593,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) to drift with the tide from 1627,^(OED 1989) and ''to tide over'', to carry through a difficulty, from 1626.^(OED 1989) The older verb, Old English tīdan, to happen, gave [[betide]] and [[tidings]].^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) [[tidy|alt=Tidy]] is also from tide.^(Cresswell 2021)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 700 – a season.^(OED 1989)

+ * early 13th century – time and tide.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1300 – the time of the tide.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-14th century – the rise and fall of the sea.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1593 – to flow like a tide (verb).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1626 – to tide over.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1807 – tidal.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The regular rise and fall of the surface of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The current or flow of water resulting from this.^(Collins 2023)

+ # A widespread trend or movement: ''the tide of public opinion''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A time or season, now usually in compounds such as Christmastide.^(AHD)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A favourable occasion.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To rise and fall like the tide.^(AHD)

+ # To drift with the tide.^(AHD)

+ # ''(tide over)'' To help through a difficult period.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tideless]]

+ * [[tideful]]

+ * [[tidelessness]]

+ * [[tidelike]]

+ * [[Allhallowtide]]

+ * [[nighttide]]

+ * [[noontide]]

+ * [[riptide]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[time]]

+ * [[tidy]]

+ * [[tidings]]

+ * [[betide]]

+ * [[eventide]]

+ * [[tidal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}