graph English · revision 10297

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping|attested=1878|origins=en graphic}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡɹæf/, /ɡɹɑːf/ ''(UK)''; /ɡɹæf/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a shortening of graphic formula (1866) (see [[graphic]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) a chemical diagram in which lines show the connections of elements.^(Hoad 1986) Graphic is from Latin graphicus, from Greek [[m|grc|γραφικός|tr=graphikós]], from graphḗ, writing.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A symbolic diagram, in chemistry or mathematics, showing relationships: 1878, first in the English mathematician James Sylvester.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The graph was first used to show relationships of any kind, then in geometry, and later generally in mathematics.^(Barnhart 1988) The graphical representation of a function, a traced curve, is from 1886.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024) The verb, to plot on a graph, is from 1889 in Etymonline and 1898 in Barnhart and the OED.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) ''Graph theory'', the mathematics of networks of points and lines, is from 1959.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1866 – graphic formula.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1878 – a graph.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1886 – the curve of a function.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1898 – to graph (verb).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1959 – graph theory.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A diagram showing the relation between sets of numbers or quantities, plotted against axes; a [[chart]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A drawing representing a function, or a structure of points joined by lines.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To represent or plot on a graph.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grapheme]]

+ * [[graphic]]

+ * [[-graph]]

+ * [[diagram]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In linguistics, graph, a written symbol representing a speech sound, is a separate coinage of 1933 by Leonard Bloomfield from Greek graphḗ, writing.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) ''Grapheme'' followed in 1937.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}